Journal: iScience

Article Title: TREM2 sustains glucose metabolic homeostasis to drive antibacterial defense during sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115415

Figure Lengend Snippet: TREM2 regulates glucose homeostasis through controlling the release of IL-1β during sepsis (A) Levels of IL-1 β and TNF-α in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli or PBS solution ( n = 18 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 −/− and WT group, n = 5 in the PBS-injected Trem2 −/− and WT group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (B) Plasma levels of IL-1 β and TNF-α at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli or PBS solution ( n = 18 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 −/− and WT group, n = 5 in the PBS-injected Trem2 −/− and WT group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (C) Levels of IL-1 β and TNF-α in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli or PBS solution ( n = 10 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 fl/fl Lyz2- Cre group, n = 15 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 fl/fl group, n = 5 in the PBS-injected Trem2 fl/fl Lyz2- Cre and Trem2 fl/fl group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (D) Plasma levels of IL-1 β and TNF-α at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli or PBS solution ( n = 10 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 fl/fl Lyz2- Cre group, n = 15 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 fl/fl group, n = 5 in PBS-injected Trem2 fl/fl Lyz2- Cre and Trem2 fl/fl group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (E) Blood glucose level in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test at 9 h. (F) Plasma insulin level at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (G) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range; the p values were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. (H) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), and the p values were analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; WT, wild type; PLF, peritoneal lavage fluid; CFU, colony-forming units.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1 β ELISA kit , Liankebio , Cat# EK201BHS-96.

Techniques: Injection, Clinical Proteomics, Comparison

Journal: iScience

Article Title: TREM2 sustains glucose metabolic homeostasis to drive antibacterial defense during sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115415

Figure Lengend Snippet: TREM2 deficiency triggers F4/80 + peritoneal macrophages from pyroptosis (A) Pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p value was determined by Student’s t test. (B) Immunoblot of caspase-1 and IL-1 β in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli . Representative image from three independent experiments is shown. (C) LDH level in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p value was determined by Student’s t test. (D) Immunoblot of caspase-1, GSDMD, and IL-1 β in the cells and supernatants of Trem2 −/− and WT peritoneal macrophages after incubation with heat-killed E. coli for 9 h. Representative image from three independent experiments is shown. (E) LDH level in the supernatants of Trem2 −/− and WT peritoneal macrophages after incubation with heat-killed E. coli for 9 h ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (F) Blood glucose level in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test at 9 h. (G–H) Plasma levels of IL-1 β and insulin at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (I) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range, the p values were determined by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. (J) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 in the WT → WT group, n = 10 in other groups); the p values were analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; WT, wild type; PI, propidium iodide; PLF, Peritoneal lavage fluid; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; SN, supernatant.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1 β ELISA kit , Liankebio , Cat# EK201BHS-96.

Techniques: Injection, Western Blot, Incubation, Comparison, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: iScience

Article Title: TREM2 sustains glucose metabolic homeostasis to drive antibacterial defense during sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115415

Figure Lengend Snippet: TREM2 deficiency-mediated IL-1 β release promotes insulin production through islet IL-1R1 receptor (A) Blood glucose level in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test at 9 h. (B) Plasma insulin level at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (C) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 per group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range, the p values were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. (D) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 per group); the p values were analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. (E) Plasma IL-1 β level at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 10 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (F) Blood glucose level in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 10 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by Student’s t test at 9 h. (G) Plasma insulin level at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 10 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (H) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 10 per group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range; the p values were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. (I) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 16 in the Trem2 −/− → Il1r1 fl/fl Pdx1 -Cre group, n = 14 in the Trem2 −/− → Il1r1 fl/fl group), the p value was analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; WT, wild type; CFU, colony-forming units.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1 β ELISA kit , Liankebio , Cat# EK201BHS-96.

Techniques: Injection, Comparison, Clinical Proteomics, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: iScience

Article Title: TREM2 sustains glucose metabolic homeostasis to drive antibacterial defense during sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115415

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose supplementation protects the host from lethal outcomes during sepsis (A) Blood glucose level in septic mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 17 in the glucose-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 16 in the glucose-treated WT group, n = 15 in the saline-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 17 in the saline-treated WT group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test at 9 h. (B-C) Plasma levels of IL-1 β and insulin at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 17 in the glucose-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 16 in the glucose-treated WT group, n = 15 in the saline-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 17 in the saline-treated WT group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (D) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 17 in the glucose-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 16 in the glucose-treated WT group, n = 15 in the saline-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 17 in the saline-treated WT group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range, the p values were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’s post hoc test. (E) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), the p values were analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. (F) Death of peritoneal macrophages at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (G) LDH level in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; WT, wild type; PI, propidium iodide; PLF, peritoneal lavage fluid; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; CFU, colony-forming units.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1 β ELISA kit , Liankebio , Cat# EK201BHS-96.

Techniques: Injection, Saline, Comparison, Clinical Proteomics